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4 ways to use the Linux tar command AmyJune Hineline Mon, 08/29/2022 - 03:00 Register or Login to like Register or Login to like

When you have a lot of related files, it's sometimes easier to treat them as a single object rather than 3 or 20 or 100 unique files. There are fewer clicks involved, for instance, when you email one file compared to the mouse work required to email 30 separate files. This quandary was solved decades ago when programmers invented a way to create an archive, and so the tar command was born (the name stands for tape archive because back then, files were saved to magnetic tape.) Today tar remains a useful way to bundle files together, whether it's to compress them so they take up less space on your drive, to make it easier to deal with lots of files, or to logically group files together as a convenience.

I asked Opensource.com authors how they used tar, and related tools like zip and gzip, in their daily work. Here's what they said.

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I use tar and zip whenever I need to make a backup or archive of an entire directory tree. For example, delivering a set of files to a client, or just making a quick backup of my web root directory before I make a major change on the website. If I need to share with others, I create a ZIP archive with zip -9r, where -9 uses best possible compression, and -r will recurse into subdirectories. For example, zip -9r client-delivery.zip client-dir makes a zip file of my work, which I can send to a client.

If the backup is just for me, I probably use tar instead. When I use tar, I usually use gzip to compress, and I do it all on one command line with tar czf, where c will create a new archive file, z compresses it with gzip, and f sets the archive filename. For example, tar czf web-backup.tar.gz html creates a compressed backup of my html directory.

I also have web applications that create log files. And to keep them from taking up too much space, I compress them using gzip. The gzip command is a great way to compress a single file. This can be a TAR archive file, or just any regular file like a log file. To make the gzipped file as small as possible, I compress the file with gzip -9, where -9 uses the best possible compression.

The great thing about using gzip to compress files is that I can use commands like zcat and zless to view them later, without having to uncompress them on the disk. So if I want to look at my log file from yesterday, I can use zless yesterday.log.gz and the zless command automatically uncompresses the data with gunzip and send it to the less viewer. Recently, I wanted to look at how many log entries I had per day, and I ran that with a zcat command like:

for f in *.log.gz; do echo -n "$f,"; zcat $f | wc -l; done

This generates a comma-separated list of log files and a line count, which I can easily import to a spreadsheet for analysis.

—Jim Hall

Zcat

I introduced the zcat command in my article Getting started with the cat command. Maybe this can act as a stimulus for further discussion of "in-place" compressed data analysis.

—Alan Formy-Duval

Zless and lzop

I love having zless to browse log files and archives. It really helps reduce the risk of leaving random old log files around that I haven't cleaned up.

When dealing with compressed archives, tar -zxf and tar -zcf are awesome, but don't forget about tar -j for those bzip2 files, or even tar -J for the highly compressed xz files.

If you're dealing with a platform with limited CPU resources, you could even consider a lower overhead solution like lzop. For example, on the source computer:

tar --lzop -cf - source_directory | nc destination-host 9999

On the destination computer:

nc -l 9999 | tar --lzop -xf -

I've often used that to compress data between systems where we have bandwidth limitations and need a low resource option.

—Steven Ellis

Ark

I've found myself using the KDE application Ark lately. It's a GUI application, but it integrates so well with the Dolphin file manager that I've gotten into the habit of just updating files straight into an archive without even bothering to unarchive the whole thing. Of course, you can do the same thing with the tar command, but if you're browsing through files in Dolphin anyway, Ark makes it quick and easy to interact with an archive without interrupting your current workflow.

Image by:

(Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0)

Archives used to feel a little like a forbidden vault to me. Once I put files into an archive, they were as good as forgotten because it just isn't always convenient to interact with an archive. But Ark lets you preview files without uncompressing them (technically they're being uncompressed, but it doesn't "feel" like they are because it all happens in place), remove a file from an archive, update files, rename files, and a lot more. It's a really nice and dynamic way to interact with archives, which encourages me to use them more often.

—Seth Kenlon

How do you use the tar command? That's what I recently asked our community of writers. Here are some of their answers.

Image by:

WOCinTech Chat. Modified by Opensource.com. CC BY-SA 4.0

Command line Opensource.com community Linux What to read next This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License. 174 points Auckland NZ

Steven is an Open Source Advocate and Technologist working for Red Hat since they opened their New Zealand office in May 2011. Over the last 20+ year's he's helped numerous business see the benefit in adopting a wide range of Open Source technologies, and  has spoken at a number of regional and international conferences including OSDC, linux.conf.au, OpenStack Summit, Linux World and OSCON.

In his spare time he still hacks on MythTV, and debugging random new bits of hardware that really should know better.

Follow him on Twitter at @StevensHat.

| Follow StevensHat Open Minded Linux OpenStack SysAdmin CentOS Fedora Geek Ubuntu Author 4906 points (Correspondent) Minnesota

Jim Hall is an open source software advocate and developer, best known for usability testing in GNOME and as the founder + project coordinator of FreeDOS. At work, Jim is CEO of Hallmentum, an IT executive consulting company that provides hands-on IT Leadership training, workshops, and coaching.

| Follow jimfhall Open Source Sensei People's Choice Award People's Choice Award 2018 Correspondent Contributor Club Author 4455 points (Correspondent) United States

Alan has 20 years of IT experience, mostly in the Government and Financial sectors. He started as a Value Added Reseller before moving into Systems Engineering. Alan's background is in high-availability clustered apps. He wrote the 'Users and Groups' and 'Apache and the Web Stack' chapters in the Oracle Press/McGraw Hill 'Oracle Solaris 11 System Administration' book. He earned his Master of Science in Information Systems from George Mason University. Alan is a long-time proponent of Open Source Software.

| Follow AlanFormy_Duval Open Source Sensei People's Choice Award Apache DevOps Gamer Linux SysAdmin Geek Java Contributor Club Author Comment Gardener Correspondent 27105 points (Team, Red Hat) New Zealand (South Island)

Seth Kenlon is a UNIX geek, free culture advocate, independent multimedia artist, and D&D nerd. He has worked in the film and computing industry, often at the same time. He is one of the maintainers of the Slackware-based multimedia production project Slackermedia.

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